HumanCron.Quartz 0.4.0

<p align="center"> <img src="logo.svg" alt="HumanCron Logo" width="400"> </p>

<h1 align="center">HumanCron</h1>

<p align="center"> <a href="https://github.com/musicislife08/HumanCron/actions"><img src="https://github.com/musicislife08/HumanCron/workflows/Build%20and%20Test/badge.svg" alt="Build Status"></a> <a href="https://www.nuget.org/packages/HumanCron"><img src="https://img.shields.io/nuget/v/HumanCron.svg" alt="NuGet"></a> <a href="https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-yellow.svg" alt="License: MIT"></a> </p>

<p align="center"> Human-readable cron expression converter with bidirectional support and timezone awareness for .NET. Parse schedules like <code>"every 30 minutes"</code>, <code>"every day at 2pm"</code>, or <code>"every monday at 9am"</code> into Unix cron expressions or Quartz.NET schedules, and convert cron expressions back to natural language. </p>

Features

• 🗣️ Natural Language Parsing - Human-friendly syntax instead of cryptic cron expressions
• ⏰ Timezone Aware - Proper DST handling using NodaTime
• 🔄 Bidirectional - Convert to/from cron expressions with full specification compliance
• 🔌 Multiple Integrations - Quartz.NET, Hangfire, and NCrontab support
• 📅 Month Support - Select specific months, ranges, or lists
• 🎯 Full Cron Spec Support - Complete Unix (5-field), NCrontab (6-field), and Quartz (6-7 field) cron syntax including lists, ranges, steps, named values, and Quartz-specific features (L, W, #)
• ⏱️ Seconds Precision - NCrontab and Hangfire support for second-level scheduling
• ✅ Well Tested - Comprehensive test coverage including edge cases, DST handling, and timezone conversions
• ⚡ High Performance - Zero-allocation Span<T> parsing for minimal memory overhead
• 📦 Dependency Injection - First-class DI support

Installation

# Core library (Unix cron support)
dotnet add package HumanCron

# NCrontab 6-field cron support (optional - adds seconds precision)
dotnet add package HumanCron.NCrontab

# Quartz.NET integration (optional)
dotnet add package HumanCron.Quartz

# Hangfire integration (optional - includes NCrontab support)
dotnet add package HumanCron.Hangfire

Quick Start

Basic Unix Cron Conversion

using HumanCron.Converters.Unix;

var converter = UnixCronConverter.Create();

// Convert to cron
var result = converter.ToUnixCron("every 30 minutes");
// Returns: "*/30 * * * *"

result = converter.ToUnixCron("every day at 2pm");
// Returns: "0 14 * * *"

result = converter.ToUnixCron("every monday at 9am");
// Returns: "0 9 * * 1"

result = converter.ToUnixCron("every day in january at 9am");
// Returns: "0 9 * 1 *"

result = converter.ToUnixCron("every weekday in january,april,july,october at 9am");
// Returns: "0 9 * 1,4,7,10 1-5"

// Convert back to natural language
var reverseResult = converter.ToNaturalLanguage("0 14 * * *");
// Returns: "every day at 2pm"

Dependency Injection

using HumanCron;

// In Program.cs or Startup.cs
builder.Services.AddHumanCron();

// In your service
public class MySchedulingService
{
    private readonly IHumanCronConverter _converter;

    public MySchedulingService(IHumanCronConverter converter)
    {
        _converter = converter;
    }

    public void ScheduleJob(string schedule)
    {
        var cronResult = _converter.ToUnixCron(schedule);
        if (cronResult is ParseResult<string>.Success success)
        {
            // Use success.Value cron expression
        }
    }
}

NCrontab 6-Field Conversion

using HumanCron.NCrontab;

var converter = NCrontabConverter.Create();

// Convert to 6-field NCrontab (includes seconds)
var result = converter.ToNCrontab("every 30 seconds");
// Returns: "*/30 * * * * *"

result = converter.ToNCrontab("every 15 minutes");
// Returns: "0 */15 * * * *"

result = converter.ToNCrontab("every day at 2pm");
// Returns: "0 0 14 * * *"

result = converter.ToNCrontab("every weekday at 9am");
// Returns: "0 0 9 * * 1-5"

// Convert back to natural language
var reverseResult = converter.ToNaturalLanguage("0 0 14 * * *");
// Returns: "every day at 2pm"

Hangfire Integration

using Hangfire;
using HumanCron.Hangfire.Extensions;

// Option 1: Use natural language strings directly
RecurringJob.AddOrUpdate(
    "my-job-id",
    "every 30 seconds",
    () => DoWork()
);

RecurringJob.AddOrUpdate(
    "daily-job",
    "every day at 2pm",
    () => DailyTask()
);

// Option 2: Use fluent API with ScheduleBuilder
Schedule.Every(30).Seconds()
    .AddOrUpdateHangfireJob("job-id", () => DoWork());

Schedule.Every(1).Day()
    .At(new TimeOnly(14, 0))
    .AddOrUpdateHangfireJob("daily-job", () => DailyTask());

Schedule.Every(1).Day()
    .At(new TimeOnly(9, 0))
    .OnWeekdays()
    .AddOrUpdateHangfireJob("weekday-job", () => WeekdayTask());

// Option 3: Convert to NCrontab expression
var cronExpression = Schedule.Every(15).Minutes().ToNCrontabExpression();
// Returns: "0 */15 * * * *"

Quartz.NET Integration

using HumanCron.Quartz;

var converter = QuartzScheduleConverterFactory.Create();

// Convert to Quartz IScheduleBuilder
var result = converter.ToQuartzSchedule("every day at 2pm");
if (result is ParseResult<IScheduleBuilder>.Success success)
{
    var trigger = TriggerBuilder.Create()
        .WithSchedule(success.Value)
        .Build();
}

// Multi-week patterns use CalendarIntervalScheduleBuilder
var triggerResult = converter.CreateTriggerBuilder("every 3 weeks on sunday at 12am");
if (triggerResult is ParseResult<TriggerBuilder>.Success triggerSuccess)
{
    var trigger = triggerSuccess.Value
        .WithIdentity("my-trigger")
        .ForJob("my-job")
        .Build();
}

Supported Syntax

Basic Intervals

All patterns must start with "every":

• Seconds: every 30 seconds, every 45 seconds
• Minutes: every 15 minutes, every 30 minutes, every 45 minutes
• Hours: every hour, every 6 hours, every 12 hours
• Days: every day, every 7 days
• Weeks: every week, every 2 weeks, every 3 weeks
• Months: every month, every 3 months, every 6 months
• Years: every year, every 2 years

Time of Day

• at 2pm, at 14:30, at 9am, at 3:30am

Day Constraints

• Specific Day: every monday, every friday, on tuesday
• Day Patterns: every weekday, on weekends
• Day Lists: every monday,wednesday,friday, every mon,wed,fri (specific days)
• Day Ranges: between monday and friday, every tuesday-thursday (compact notation)

Month Selection

• Specific Month: in january, in december
• Month Ranges: between january and march, between october and december
• Month Lists: in january,april,july,october (quarterly)

Advanced Features (Quartz Only)

• Day of Month: on the 15th, on the 1st and 15th, between the 1st and 15th
• Combined Month + Day: on january 1st, on december 25th, on april 15th (more natural than on the 15th in january)
• Last Day: on last day, on day before last, on 3rd to last day
• Last Day of Week: on last friday, on last monday
• Nth Occurrence: on 3rd friday, on 2nd tuesday (1st-5th)
• Weekday Nearest: on weekday nearest the 15th, on last weekday
• Hour/Minute Lists: at hours 9,12,15,18, at minutes 0,15,30,45
• Hour/Minute Ranges: between hours 9 and 17, between minutes 0 and 30
• Range with Step: every 5 minutes between 0 and 30 of each hour
• Year Constraints: in year 2025, in year 2024

Abbreviations

Both full names and abbreviations are accepted on input (output always uses full names):

• Days: mon, tue, wed, thu, fri, sat, sun
• Months: jan, feb, mar, apr, may, jun, jul, aug, sep, oct, nov, dec

Examples

every 30 minutes                         → */30 * * * *
every hour                               → 0 * * * *
every day at 2pm                         → 0 14 * * *
every day at 14:30                       → 30 14 * * *
every monday                             → 0 0 * * 1
every monday at 9am                      → 0 9 * * 1
every 2 weeks on friday at 5pm           → (CalendarInterval schedule)
every weekday at 9am                     → 0 9 * * 1-5
every monday,wednesday,friday            → 0 0 * * 1,3,5
every tuesday-thursday at 9am            → 0 9 * * 2-4
every day in january                     → 0 0 * 1 *
every day in january at 9am              → 0 9 * 1 *
every monday in january                  → 0 0 * 1 1
every day between january and march      → 0 0 * 1-3 *
every day in january,april,july,october  → 0 0 * 1,4,7,10 *
every weekday in january at 9am          → 0 9 * 1 1-5
every month on the 15th                  → 0 0 15 * *
every month on january 15th              → 0 0 15 1 *
every month on january 1st at 1am        → 0 1 1 1 *
every month on the 15th in january,april → 0 0 15 1,4 *
every year                               → 0 0 1 1 *

# Advanced Quartz features (require Quartz converter)
every hour at minutes 0,15,30,45         → 0 0,15,30,45 * * * ?
every day at hours 9,12,15,18            → 0 0 9,12,15,18 * * ?
every 5 minutes between 0 and 30 of each hour → 0 0-30/5 * * * ?
every month on last day                  → 0 0 L * ?
every month on 3rd friday                → 0 0 ? * 6#3
every month on last friday               → 0 0 ? * 6L
every month on weekday nearest the 15th  → 0 0 15W * ?
every day at 12pm in year 2025           → 0 0 12 * * ? 2025

Cron Expression Support

HumanCron provides full specification compliance for both Unix and Quartz cron formats with bidirectional conversion.

Unix Cron (5-field format)

Format: minute hour day-of-month month day-of-week

Supported Syntax:

• Wildcards: * (any value)
• Specific Values: 5, 15, MON, JAN
• Lists: 0,15,30,45 or MON,WED,FRI or JAN,APR,JUL,OCT
• Ranges: 1-5, 9-17, JAN-MAR, MON-FRI
• Steps: */15, 0-30/5, 9-17/2
• Mixed Syntax: 0-4,8-12,20 (combines ranges and individual values)
• Named Values: Case-insensitive month (JAN-DEC) and day (SUN-SAT) names

Smart Compaction: When building cron expressions, consecutive values are automatically compacted:

• [1,2,3,5,7,8,9,10,11,12] → 1-3,5,7-12 (3+ consecutive values become ranges)

Examples:

*/30 * * * *        → every 30 minutes
0 9-17 * * *        → every hour between 9am and 5pm
0 9,12,15,18 * * *  → at 9am, 12pm, 3pm, and 6pm
0 9-17/2 * * *      → every 2 hours between 9am and 5pm
0 9 * * MON-FRI     → every weekday at 9am
0 9 * JAN,APR * MON → every monday in january and april at 9am
0 0 1,15 * *        → on the 1st and 15th of each month
0 0 1-15/3 * *      → every 3 days between 1st and 15th

NCrontab Cron (6-field format)

Format: second minute hour day-of-month month day-of-week

NCrontab extends Unix cron with a seconds field, enabling second-precision scheduling. Commonly used by Hangfire and Azure Functions.

Supported Syntax (all Unix features plus seconds):

• Wildcards: * (any value)
• Specific Values: 5, 30, MON, JAN
• Lists: 0,15,30,45 or MON,WED,FRI
• Ranges: 1-5, 9-17, MON-FRI
• Steps: */15, 0-30/5, 9-17/2
• Mixed Syntax: 0-4,8-12,20
• Named Values: Case-insensitive month and day names

Examples:

*/30 * * * * *          → every 30 seconds
0 */15 * * * *          → every 15 minutes
0 0 14 * * *            → every day at 2pm
0 0 9 * * 1-5           → every weekday at 9am
0 0 9 * * MON           → every monday at 9am
0 0 9 * 1 *             → every day in january at 9am
0 0,15,30,45 * * * *    → every 15 minutes
0 0-30/5 9-17 * * *     → every 5 minutes in 0-30 range, 9am-5pm

Bidirectional Conversion:

// Natural language → NCrontab
converter.ToNCrontab("every 30 seconds")     → "*/30 * * * * *"
converter.ToNCrontab("every 15 minutes")     → "0 */15 * * * *"
converter.ToNCrontab("every weekday at 9am") → "0 0 9 * * 1-5"

// NCrontab → natural language
converter.ToNaturalLanguage("*/30 * * * * *")    → "every 30 seconds"
converter.ToNaturalLanguage("0 */15 * * * *")    → "every 15 minutes"
converter.ToNaturalLanguage("0 0 9 * * 1-5")     → "every weekday at 9am"

Quartz Cron (6-7 field format)

Format: second minute hour day month day-of-week [year]

Supports all Unix cron features plus Quartz-specific advanced features:

Additional Quartz Features:

• ? (no specific value): Required when specifying day-of-week or day-of-month
• L (last):
  • Day field: L = last day of month
  • Day-of-week field: 6L = last Friday of month
• W (weekday):
  • 15W = weekday nearest to the 15th
  • LW = last weekday of month
• # (nth occurrence): 6#3 = 3rd Friday of month (1-5 valid)
• L-N (offset from last): L-3 = 3rd to last day of month
• Year field: Optional 7th field (1970-2099): 0 0 12 * * ? 2025

Examples:

0 */30 * * * ?           → every 30 minutes
0 0 14 * * ?             → every day at 2pm
0 0 14 ? * MON           → every monday at 2pm
0 0 9 ? * MON-FRI        → every weekday at 9am
0 0 9 L * ?              → last day of month at 9am
0 0 9 L-3 * ?            → 3rd to last day of month at 9am
0 0 9 15W * ?            → weekday nearest to 15th at 9am
0 0 9 LW * ?             → last weekday of month at 9am
0 0 9 ? * 6#3            → 3rd friday of month at 9am
0 0 9 ? * 6L             → last friday of month at 9am
0 0 12 * * ? 2025        → every day at noon in 2025 only
0 0 9-17/2 * * ?         → every 2 hours between 9am-5pm
0 0,15,30,45 * * * ?     → every 15 minutes
0 0-30/5 9-17 * * ?      → every 5 minutes in 0-30 range, 9am-5pm

Bidirectional Conversion

Both parsers support complete round-trip conversion with smart compaction and verbose natural language output:

// Unix cron → natural language (basic examples)
converter.ToNaturalLanguage("*/30 * * * *")     → "every 30 minutes"
converter.ToNaturalLanguage("0 14 * * *")       → "every day at 2pm"
converter.ToNaturalLanguage("0 9 * * 1-5")      → "every weekday at 9am"

// Lists with smart compaction (3+ consecutive values become ranges)
converter.ToNaturalLanguage("0,15,30,45 * * * *")        → "every hour at minutes 0,15,30,45"
converter.ToNaturalLanguage("0 9,12,15,18 * * *")        → "every day at hours 9,12,15,18"
converter.ToNaturalLanguage("0 0 1,2,3,4,8,9,10 * *")    → "every month on the 1st-4th,8th-10th"
converter.ToNaturalLanguage("0-30/5 * * * *")             → "every 5 minutes between 0 and 30 of each hour"

// Ranges
converter.ToNaturalLanguage("0-30 * * * *")              → "every hour between minutes 0 and 30"
converter.ToNaturalLanguage("0 9-17 * * *")              → "every day between hours 9 and 17"
converter.ToNaturalLanguage("0 0 1-15 * *")              → "every month between the 1st and 15th"

// Quartz cron → natural language (advanced features)
quartzConverter.ToNaturalLanguage("0 0 9 L * ?")         → "every month on last day at 9am"
quartzConverter.ToNaturalLanguage("0 0 9 L-3 * ?")       → "every month on 3rd to last day at 9am"
quartzConverter.ToNaturalLanguage("0 0 9 L-1 * ?")       → "every month on day before last at 9am"
quartzConverter.ToNaturalLanguage("0 0 9 15W * ?")       → "every month on weekday nearest the 15th at 9am"
quartzConverter.ToNaturalLanguage("0 0 9 LW * ?")        → "every month on last weekday at 9am"
quartzConverter.ToNaturalLanguage("0 0 9 ? * 6#3")       → "every month on 3rd friday at 9am"
quartzConverter.ToNaturalLanguage("0 0 9 ? * 6L")        → "every month on last friday at 9am"
quartzConverter.ToNaturalLanguage("0 0 12 * * ? 2025")   → "every day at 12pm in year 2025"

// Natural language → cron → natural language (preserves meaning)
var cron = converter.ToUnixCron("every weekday at 9am");  // "0 9 * * 1-5"
var back = converter.ToNaturalLanguage(cron);             // "every weekday at 9am"

// Combined month+day syntax (more natural phrasing)
var cron1 = converter.ToUnixCron("every month on january 1st at 1am");  // "0 1 1 1 *"
var back1 = converter.ToNaturalLanguage(cron1);                          // "every month on january 1st at 1am"

// Complex patterns with multiple constraints
var cron2 = converter.ToUnixCron("every day at hours 9,12,15,18 in january");  // "0 9,12,15,18 * 1 *"
var back2 = converter.ToNaturalLanguage(cron2);                                 // "every day at hours 9,12,15,18 in january"

Smart Compaction: The natural language formatter automatically compacts consecutive sequences:

• [0,1,2,3,4] → "0-4" (5 consecutive values)
• [0,1,2,8,9,10] → "0-2,8-10" (two sequences of 3+)
• [0,15,30,45] → "0,15,30,45" (non-consecutive, keep as list)

Documentation

• Architecture - Design philosophy and implementation details
• DSL Specification - Complete grammar and validation rules
• Integration Guide - Usage patterns, timezone handling, testing

Contributing

Contributions are welcome! Please feel free to submit a Pull Request.

License

This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the LICENSE file for details.