CHDSharp 1.5.1

CHDSharpLib

Pure C# CHD (Compressed Hunks of Data) reader and writer — V1–V5, all 10 codecs, parent/child chaining, parallel verification, 100% match with MAME chdman.

Fork of RomVault/CHDSharp by Gordon Jefferyes, extended with Zstd, AVHuff, V5 compressed map, random-access API, parent/child chaining, parallel verification, seekable stream, span reads, read-ahead decompression, and lazy parent resolution.

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What's New in v1.5.0

• Release pipeline - v1.5.0 ships from a single version tag via GitHub Actions: six platform CLI bundles (CHDSharp_<rid>_v1.5.0.zip), the NuGet package, the wiki and the docs site (scripts/package-release.ps1, scripts/prepare-wiki.ps1, .github/workflows/release.yml).
• Update-check fix - the CLI's "new version available" notice now resolves the direct per-platform bundle download (asset name built from the release version plus OS and architecture).
• No library API changes in this release - the package is unchanged apart from the version and a refreshed README.

What's New in v1.5.1

• Single-bin multisession cues with an unusable lead-out now encode exactly like chdman - a REM LEAD-OUT at or before the session's last track (REM LEAD-OUT 00:00:00 is common in real IsoBuster/ImgBurn rips) used to trim the track to a negative length and abort (the session lead-out values leave a negative length (-11400 frames)). MAME compares a uint32_t frame count against a signed int32_t end frame, so the negative value wraps and the trim is skipped; the parser now performs the same unsigned comparison. Byte-identical to chdman createcd on the three reported failure shapes.
• A pad larger than its track no longer zeroes the track - the CD reader now mirrors chdman's unsigned pad offset (chdman.cpp:471-472): when the pad is larger than the track the offset wraps below the track start, the pad region is unreachable, and every frame is read from the source file. The GD-ROM data/pad/split ordering now matches chdman as well.
• No public API changes - behavior only; verified with 3 new chdman createcd byte-parity fixtures, 454/454 encoder tests and 4214/4214 library tests.

What's New in v1.4.5

• Multisession cue parity - ports MAME's REM SESSION / REM LEAD-IN / REM LEAD-OUT / session-pregap layout rules (IsoBuster/ImgBurn single-bin trim + zero-filled inter-session gaps, Redump/DiscImageCreator synthesized lead-in/out and .img heuristic). Multisession cues now produce byte-identical CHDs to chdman createcd; malformed lead-out values are rejected with a clear error instead of being encoded as a wrong image. Verification: 3 chdman byte-parity fixtures + unit tests, suite 451/451.

What's New in v1.4.4

• Redump multi-cue Dreamcast parity - a .cue with REM SINGLE-DENSITY AREA / REM HIGH-DENSITY AREA markers (MAME's is_gdicue) now gets the full GD-ROM layout: pregaps move onto the previous track as split regions, the last single-density track pads up to LBA 45000, and the CHD is written with CHGD metadata. Verified byte-identical to chdman createcd on a real 1.19 GB Redump multi-cue, with a byte-perfect chdman extractcd round-trip of all three tracks.
• cdrdao TOC START parity - a bare START line (cdrdao's documented form) is now accepted as "no pregap", matching MAME 0.289's parse_toc exactly (msf_to_frames("") is 0). Previously it threw Malformed START command, failing cdrdao .toc files that chdman converts fine. Locked down with a parse regression test and byte-parity tests against chdman createcd for both START and START 00:00:00.

What's New in v1.4.3

Consolidates all changes since v1.4.2 - the last chdman byte-parity gaps are closed:

• Partial-tail raw-encode fix - EncodeRaw on inputs of ≥ 513 hunks whose length is not hunk-aligned could produce a self-consistent-but-wrong CHD (stale compression ring-buffer slots). Fixed and locked down with guardrail tests: a synthetic probe, partial-last-hunk unit tests, and a resized long-tail battle case.
• FLAC encoder byte parity - fixed-predictor analysis window + native cosf tukey-window rounding. The vendored FLAC encode is now byte-identical to chdman on the verification corpora: a 7.8 GB XGD2 image (1,912,816 hunks, default codec list), a 100 MB partial-tail slice, and three single-hunk repros.
• Earlier byte-parity fixes in the cycle - stale work-buffer tail + LZMA match-finder insert parity.
• Diagnostics - detailed decompression-failure messages (hunk index, codec, CRC/truncation reasons) and chdman-style progress + speed-meter output.
• Status - CHDSharpTest 12,648/12,648 (1,308/1,308 per-TFM aggregate), CHDSharpBattleTest 3174/3174 vs MAME 0.289.

What's New in v1.4.2

Final byte-parity gaps closed against MAME 0.289 — battle harness still green (2907/2907 synthetic + 3003/3003 real-world):

• LZMA raw-encode byte parity — the encoder now replicates chd.cpp's 1 MiB compression work buffer (256-hunk ring, 128-hunk batches) exactly: partial final hunks keep the stale slot bytes from the previous cycle and the raw SHA-1 folds only the valid bytes (m_compsha1.append(dest, numbytes) parity). createraw/createhd -i on non-hunk-aligned inputs now produce byte-identical files and hashes.
• createhd size / CHS quirks — size parsing matches chdman sscanf("%I64u") (leading digits only: "512K" = 512 bytes) and sub-geometry sizes round up to the guessed-CHS product; new ChdEncodeOptions.LogicalLengthBytes override.
• Laserdisc AVI byte parity — createld/extractld output is byte-identical to chdman.
• DVD metadata correction — DVD payload is exactly one NUL byte (length 1) per chd.h:351 std::string length()+1 behaviour (corrects the v1.4.1 note).
• Strict CLI validation — info/verify now validate the full option list (duplicate -i detection, per-command sets) and return chdman-consistent exit codes.

What's New in v1.4.1

Complete chdman parity against MAME 0.289 — 16 discrepancies fixed and battle-verified (2907/2907 synthetic + 3003/3003 real-world):

• createhd / createraw parity — createhd -i now synthesizes GDDD geometry (51-byte delta gone), createhd --ident extracts CHS from ATA bytes 2/6/12, blank images enforce -c none, createraw validates --unitsize / hunk size (16 B–1 MiB, multiple of unit), and listtemplates shows all 17 templates. Parent/ident fallback and guess_chs now match chdman.
• extractcd cooked vs raw — ExtractToDirectory(..., cooked: true) writes cooked sectors (track.DataSize, subcode omitted, audio byte-swapped) and matches chdman extractcd for all 43 CDs + 3 GD-ROMs; cooked: false (default) keeps 2448-byte raw frames with library compat. CLI extractcd defaults to cooked (--raw to keep raw). Extraction now uses a 32 MiB aligned buffer with batch writes and correct per-mode audio swap (CUEBIN always, GDI only Version>4).
• GD-ROM Redump — has_physical_pregap / padframes / splitframes fixup ported; ChdTrackInfo gains SplitFrames/PhysFrameOfs, REM SINGLE-DENSITY / HIGH-DENSITY emitted, MODE_GDI vs MODE_CUEBIN handled per chdman.
• copy and parent handling — copy now picks per-type defaults (get_compression_defaults:2426), parent hunk-size inheritance and factor check (hunk % input && input % hunk) for createraw/createhd/createcd/createdvd/copy, and info --verbose per-codec SELF/PARENT/MINI stats with 0.5 s throttling.
• DVD and metadata — DVD tag is now empty (length 0) per chdman, addmeta --valuetext no trailing NUL, and extractcd --outputbin requires %t when is_splitbin.
• CLI strictness — unknown/duplicate/missing-parameter errors, per-command valid sets, isb/ish/ib/ih mutual exclusion and 10MB trailing-B handling now match chdman verbatim.
• Docs — new docs/chd-deep-reference.md audited against MAME 0.289 with 9 ⚠ Corrections; docs/chd-format.md fixed (RLE, 0.289). Meziantou.Analyzer 3.0.190, zero warnings. Targets net8.0 / net9.0 / net10.0 — pure C#, no native dependencies.

What's New in v1.4.0

• Byte-for-byte parity with chdman for every codec — including createld (AVHuff), cdzs (CD Zstd), and zstd. The encoder's output is now byte-identical to MAME for all writable codecs.
• VendoredZSTD replaces ZstdSharp.Port — the library now ships its own pure C# port of the zstd 1.5.5 tree MAME bundles (encoder + decoder). Zero native dependencies — every compression codec is vendored in pure C#. The only runtime NuGet dependency is the optional Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions logging abstraction (used only when you enable logging).
• 38 bugs fixed from a deep code review — including thread-safe parallel verification, correct CLI exit codes, ReadHunk(Span) hunk caching, MemoryMappedFile disposal on view failure, and LzmaStream.Seek position fixes.

Parity tables: the complete chdman-vs-CHDSharp comparison (encoder byte-identical matrices, decoder, delta, copy, CLI suites — 2907/2907 checks) lives in docs/chdman-parity.md.

What's New in v1.3.0

• Full CHD encoding/writing — ChdEncoder is now part of CHDSharpLib. Create CHDs from raw binaries, CD images (CUE/GDI/ISO/TOC/NRG), or blank HD templates. Re-compress existing CHDs with new codecs. Create delta/parent CHDs. All 10 codecs with best-per-hunk selection, parallel compression (1–64 workers), and 100% byte-identical output vs MAME chdman. No separate package needed.
• Hard disk ident metadata (IDNT) — Read/write IDNT metadata (ATA IDENTIFY DEVICE response, 512 bytes) preserving original drive model, serial, CHS geometry, and firmware revision. Access via ChdFile.IdentData property. --ident <path> flag on createhd CLI. Automatically preserved during ChdEncoder.Copy().
• Hard disk encryption key metadata — Read/write KEY metadata (encryption key) used by OG Xbox and other platforms with encrypted HDD contents. Access via ChdFile.KeyData property. Automatically preserved during ChdEncoder.Copy().
• PCMCIA CIS metadata — Read/write CIS metadata (Card Information Structure) used by PC Engine CD and other PCMCIA platforms. Access via ChdFile.PcmciaCisData property. Automatically preserved during ChdEncoder.Copy().
• Bounded metadata string parsing — Hardened track metadata parsing against crafted payloads (libchdr #165). TYPE/SUBTYPE/PGTYPE/PGSUB fields are capped at 15 characters matching MAME's stack buffer limits. Track metadata payloads > 4 KiB are rejected. Embedded null bytes in payloads are rejected. Metadata entries > 64 KiB are rejected at the storage layer. Malformed entries are silently skipped rather than crashing.
• Deflate decoder infinite-loop guard — Added here.bits == 0 guards in the inflate state machine (Len, Dist, CodeLens states) and InflateFast (dolen, dodist paths). When a Huffman table entry has bits=0, the decoder transitions to Bad mode and returns Z_DATA_ERROR instead of looping indefinitely (libchdr #168, miniz 3.1.2 fix parity). ZstdSharp audited — uses a different format not susceptible to this bug.
• ChdImageStream — seekable Stream over decompressed image — ChdFile.OpenAsStream() returns a read-only, seekable Stream wrapping the decompressed CHD. Supports Read, ReadAsync, Seek, Position, and Length. Dispose disposes the parent ChdFile by default. Available via filename, filename+parent, or from an existing ChdFile instance.
• Span<byte> read overloads — ReadHunk(uint, Span<byte>) and Read(ulong, Span<byte>, int) enable callers to use stackalloc, ArrayPool, or pinned memory without allocating a temporary byte[]. Internally reuses the existing hunk cache. ChdImageStream.Read(Span<byte>) now uses the span path directly (zero-copy on .NET 7+).
• Threaded read-ahead decompression — ChdFile.ConfigureReadAhead(int lookAhead) enables background pre-decompression of upcoming hunks. After each ReadHunk, the next N hunks are decompressed in the background using ReadHunkConcurrent. Results are cached in a ConcurrentDictionary (L2) checked before the LRU cache (L1). Uses SemaphoreSlim to cap concurrency and ThreadLocal<ChdCodecState> for thread-safe codec access. FlushReadAhead() clears stale entries after seeks. Ideal for sequential streaming and verification workloads.
• Lazy parent resolution (ParentResolver) — Open child CHDs without providing the parent path upfront. Supply a ParentResolver callback that resolves the parent by SHA1/MD5 hash on first read. The resolved parent is cached. Also available on Chd.CheckFileWithParent.
• CD/GD-ROM track (TOC) parsing — Full track layout via Tracks property backed by ChdTocParser, exposing ChdTrackInfo with track type, sector sizes, pregap/postgap, and GD-ROM support. Legacy GD-ROMs (CHGT / CD_FLAG_GDROMLE) are detected via IsLittleEndianAudio and their AUDIO tracks byte-swapped during extraction. Includes GenerateCueSheet(), GenerateGdiDescriptor(), ExportToc(), ExtractToDirectory().
• LBA/MSF sector reads — ChdFile.ReadSector(lba), ReadSectorMsf(m, s, f), and ReadFrame(lba) read CD/GD-ROM sectors or full 2448-byte frames by logical block address, mapped through the track table (pregap-aware). CdRomAddress converts between BCD MSF and LBA (with and without the 150-frame lead-in offset).
• UnitBytes property — Derives sector size from metadata for all CHD versions: V5 reads from header, V1-V4 detects HDD (512B) or CD (2448B) from metadata tags
• New enums — ChdTrackType (matches MAME cdrom.h: Mode1, Mode2, Audio, etc.) and ChdSubType (None, Normal, Raw)
• Deterministic reproducible builds — Byte-for-byte reproducible via <Deterministic>true</Deterministic> with embedded SourceLink and debug symbols

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Installation

dotnet add package CHDSharp

Targets net8.0, net9.0, and net10.0. No native dependencies — all codecs (including Zstd via the in-repo pure-C# VendoredZSTD port) are implemented from scratch in C#. The only runtime NuGet dependency is Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions (optional logging).

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Quick Start

Verify a standalone CHD (parallel, fast)

using CHDSharp;
using CHDSharp.Models;

using Stream s = File.OpenRead("game.chd");
var result = Chd.CheckFile(s, "game.chd", deepCheck: true);

if (result.IsSuccess)
    Console.WriteLine($"V{result.Version} — SHA1: {result.Sha1Hex}");
else
    Console.WriteLine($"Error: {result.Error.GetMessage()}");

Verify a child (differential) CHD against its parent

var result = Chd.CheckFileWithParent("child.chd", "parent.chd");

Open a child CHD with lazy parent resolution

Instead of providing an explicit parent path, you can supply a ParentResolver callback that resolves the parent by SHA1/MD5 hash at read time. This is useful for frontends that manage their own parent lookup (ROM set scanning, database queries, etc.).

ParentResolver resolver = (sha1, md5) =>
{
    // Your custom lookup logic here (database, filesystem search, etc.)
    var parentPath = FindParentByHash(sha1);
    if (parentPath == null) return null;
    var err = ChdFile.Open(parentPath, out var parent);
    return err == ChdError.Chderrnone ? parent : null;
};

var err = ChdFile.Open("child.chd", resolver, out var chd);
// Parent is resolved lazily on the first ReadHunk call that needs it,
// then cached for all subsequent reads.

Random-access reading

var err = ChdFile.Open("game.chd", out var chd);
if (err != ChdError.Chderrnone) return;

using (chd)
{
    // Inspect metadata (game name, disc label, etc.)
    foreach (var meta in chd.Metadata)
        Console.WriteLine(meta.ToString());

    // Read a single decompressed hunk
    byte[] hunk = new byte[chd.HunkBytes];
    chd.ReadHunk(42, hunk);

    // Read arbitrary byte range (handles hunk boundaries)
    byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
    chd.Read(offset: 0x10000, buf, 0, buf.Length);
}

Async random-access reading

var (err, chd) = await ChdFile.OpenAsync("game.chd");
if (err != ChdError.Chderrnone) return;

await using (chd)
{
    byte[] hunk = new byte[chd.HunkBytes];
    await chd.ReadHunkAsync(42, hunk);
}

Quick file checking

bool isChd = Chd.IsChdFile("game.chd", out uint version);
// isChd=true, version=5 for a V5 CHD

// Or just yes/no:
bool yesNo = Chd.IsChdFile("game.chd");

Read the full header without opening the file (libchdr chd_read_header parity)

var err = Chd.ReadHeader("game.chd", out ChdHeaderInfo? header);
if (err == ChdError.Chderrnone)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"V{header.Version}, {header.TotalBytes:N0} bytes, " +
                      $"{header.TotalHunks} hunks x {header.HunkBytes}");
    Console.WriteLine($"Codecs: {string.Join(", ", header.Compression)}");
    Console.WriteLine($"Parent required: {header.HasParent}");
}

// Async + stream variants:
var (aerr, aHeader) = await Chd.ReadHeaderAsync("game.chd");
Chd.ReadHeader(File.OpenRead("game.chd"), out ChdHeaderInfo? sHeader); // stream left open

The file is opened, parsed, and closed again — no handle is kept alive. Stream and async variants are also available.

Decompress entire image to a byte array

ChdFile.Open("game.chd", out var chd);
using (chd)
{
    chd.ReadAllBytes(out byte[] image);
    // image now contains the full decompressed image
}

Get CD/GD-ROM track layout (TOC)

ChdFile.Open("game.chd", out var chd);
using (chd)
{
    if (chd.Tracks is not { } tracks) return;
    foreach (var track in tracks)
    {
        Console.WriteLine($"Track {track.TrackNumber}: {track.GetTypeString()} " +
                          $"{track.Frames} frames, pregap={track.PreGap}");
    }
}

Read sectors by LBA / MSF (CD/GD-ROM)

using CHDSharp.Utils;

ChdFile.Open("game.chd", out var chd);
using (chd)
{
    // 2352-byte sector at LBA 0 (MSF 00:02:00 — the first track's INDEX 01)
    byte[] sector = new byte[2352];
    chd.ReadSector(0, sector);

    // Same sector, addressed by BCD MSF (0x02 minutes = "02")
    chd.ReadSectorMsf(0x00, 0x02, 0x00, sector);

    // Full 2448-byte frame (2352 data + 96 subcode)
    byte[] frame = new byte[chd.UnitBytes];
    chd.ReadFrame(0, frame);

    // Convert between BCD MSF and LBA (with or without the 150-frame lead-in)
    int lba = CdRomAddress.MsfToLba(0x02, 0x00, 0x00);        // 8850
    (byte m, byte s, byte f) = CdRomAddress.LbaToMsf(lba);     // (0x02, 0x00, 0x00)
}

LBA 0 maps to the first data track's INDEX 01: PreGap frames into the image when the pregap is stored physically (metadata PGTYPE:V...), and at image frame 0 otherwise (Redump-style CUEs, NRG, TOC, GDI). Non-CD images return Chderrinvaliddata.

Iterate hunks one at a time

ChdFile.Open("game.chd", out var chd);
using (chd)
{
    foreach (byte[] hunk in chd.EnumerateHunks())
    {
        // Process each decompressed hunk; buffer is reused — copy if needed
    }
}

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Writing CHDs (Encoding)

The encoder is part of the same library — no separate package needed. All encoder types live in the CHDSharp.Encoder namespace.

Raw Binary → CHD

using CHDSharp.Encoder;

// Simplest form — default codec (zlib), auto hunk/unit sizes
ChdEncoder.EncodeRaw("game.bin", "game.chd");

// Custom codecs (tried per hunk; smallest output wins)
ChdEncoder.EncodeRaw("game.bin", "game.chd",
    codecTags: ChdCodecs.ParseCodecTags("zlib,zstd,lzma"));

// Custom hunk/unit sizes
ChdEncoder.EncodeRaw("game.bin", "game.chd",
    hunkBytes: 65536, unitBytes: 4096);

// Uncompressed CHD (-c none)
ChdEncoder.EncodeRaw("game.bin", "game.chd",
    codecTags: [CodecTags.None]);

CD Image → CHD

// From CUE sheet
ChdEncoder.EncodeCd("game.cue", "game.chd");

// From GDI, ISO, TOC, or NRG
ChdEncoder.EncodeCd("game.gdi", "game.chd");
ChdEncoder.EncodeCd("game.iso", "game.chd");

Blank HD CHD

// Zero-filled CHD with auto-derived CHS geometry
ChdEncoder.CreateBlank("blank.chd", 100 * 1024 * 1024UL); // 100 MB

// Explicit CHS geometry
ChdEncoder.CreateBlankWithChs("blank.chd",
    cylinders: 1024, heads: 16, sectors: 63, sectorSize: 512);

Re-compress Existing CHD

// Re-compress with Zstd
ChdEncoder.Copy("old.chd", "new.chd",
    codecTags: [CodecTags.Zstd]);

// Preserve legacy metadata (no upgrade)
ChdEncoder.Copy("old.chd", "new.chd",
    codecTags: [CodecTags.Zstd],
    options: new ChdEncodeOptions { NoMetadataUpgrade = true });

Delta (Parent) CHD

// Create a differential child against a parent
ChdEncoder.EncodeRaw("game.bin", "game.chd",
    options: new ChdEncodeOptions { ParentPath = "base.chd" });

Progress Reporting During Encoding

var options = new ChdEncodeOptions
{
    TaskCount = 8,
    HunkCompleted = p => Console.WriteLine(
        $"hunk {p.HunkIndex,6}/{p.HunkCount}  {p.CodecName,-5} " +
        $"{p.RawBytes,8} -> {p.StoredBytes,8} B  ({p.Ratio:P1})")
};

ChdEncoder.EncodeRaw("game.bin", "game.chd", options: options);

Extraction

// Extract CHD tracks to a directory
ChdFile.Open("game.chd", out var chd);
using (chd)
{
    var files = chd.ExtractToDirectory("output_folder", "game");
    foreach (var f in files)
        Console.WriteLine($"Extracted: {f}");
}

// Generate CUE sheet for CD CHDs
ChdFile.Open("game.chd", out var chd2);
using (chd2)
{
    string cue = chd2.GenerateCueSheet("game.bin");
    File.WriteAllText("game.cue", cue);
}

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Logging

The library uses Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions. By default, logging is discarded. To enable logging (e.g., with Serilog):

using Serilog;
using Serilog.Extensions.Logging;

var serilogLogger = new LoggerConfiguration()
    .MinimumLevel.Debug()
    .WriteTo.Console()
    .CreateLogger();

Chd.LoggerFactory = new SerilogLoggerFactory(serilogLogger);

// All subsequent Chd/ChdFile operations will log through Serilog

You can use any ILoggerFactory-compatible provider (NLog, Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Console, etc.).

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API Reference

Chd — Static class

Member	Signature	Description
LoggerFactory	ILoggerFactory? (static property)	Set to enable internal logging.
TaskCount	int (static property, default 8)	Number of parallel workers for CheckFile (1-64). Change before calling.
CheckFile	ChdResult CheckFile(Stream, string, bool, IProgress<ChdProgress>? = null, CancellationToken = default)	Full parallel verification. Returns error, version, SHA1, MD5. Reports progress per hunk; cancellable.
CheckFileWithParent	ChdResult CheckFileWithParent(string, string, IProgress<ChdProgress>? = null, CancellationToken = default)	Verify child CHD against parent. Pass null for second arg for standalone. Reports progress per hunk; cancellable.
CheckHeader	bool CheckHeader(Stream, out uint length, out uint version)	Sniff magic + version. Stream must be at position 0.
IsChdFile	bool IsChdFile(string) / bool IsChdFile(string, out uint)	Quick check if a file is a valid CHD.
ReadHeader	ChdError ReadHeader(string, out ChdHeaderInfo?) / ChdError ReadHeader(Stream, out ChdHeaderInfo?) / Task<(ChdError, ChdHeaderInfo?)> ReadHeaderAsync(string)	Parse the full header DTO (version, flags, codec slots, sizes, hashes, unit info, parent linkage) without opening the file for reads or keeping a handle. libchdr chd_read_header parity.

ChdResult — Verification result

Property	Type	Description
Error	ChdError	Error code (ChderrNone on success).
Version	uint?	CHD version (1-5).
Sha1	byte[]?	SHA1 hash from header.
Md5	byte[]?	MD5 hash from header.
IsSuccess	bool	True if Error == ChderrNone.
Sha1Hex	string	SHA1 as lowercase hex, or "(none)".
Md5Hex	string	MD5 as lowercase hex, or "(none)".

Supports deconstruction: var (err, ver, sha1, md5) = result;

ChdHeaderInfo — Full header DTO

Returned by Chd.ReadHeader(...). A snapshot of the CHD header without keeping the file open.

Property	Type	Description
Length	uint	On-disk header length (76/80/120/108/124 for V1-V5).
Version	uint	CHD format version (1-5).
Flags	uint	Raw flags (V1-V4): bit 0 = has parent, bit 1 = writable. 0 for V5.
Compression	ChdCodec[]	Codec slots (up to 4 for V5).
HunkBytes / TotalHunks	uint	Hunk size / hunk count.
TotalBytes	ulong	Decompressed image size.
MetaOffset / MapOffset	ulong	Metadata / V5 map file offsets.
Md5 / ParentMd5	byte[]?	MD5 hashes (V1-V3).
Sha1 / RawSha1 / ParentSha1	byte[]?	SHA1 hashes (V3-V5).
UnitBytes / UnitCount	uint / ulong	Unit size / count (matches ChdFile.UnitBytes).
HasParent	bool	True if a differential child requiring a parent.
ObsoleteCylinders/Heads/Sectors/Hunksize	uint	Obsolete V1/V2 hard-disk geometry.

ChdProgress — Long-operation progress

Pass an IProgress<ChdProgress> to Chd.CheckFile, Chd.CheckFileWithParent, ChdFile.ReadAllBytes, ChdFile.EnumerateHunks, or ChdFile.ExtractToDirectory to receive a report after every decompressed hunk.

Property	Type	Description
CurrentHunk	long	Hunks processed so far (1-based; equals TotalHunks when done).
TotalHunks	long	Total hunks in the image.
BytesProcessed	long	Decompressed bytes processed so far.
TotalBytes	long	Total decompressed image size.
Elapsed	TimeSpan	Wall-clock time since the operation started.
Percent	double	Percentage completed (0–100).

var progress = new Progress<ChdProgress>(p =>
    Console.WriteLine($"{p.Percent:F0}% — {p.BytesProcessed:N0}/{p.TotalBytes:N0} bytes ({p.Elapsed.TotalSeconds:F1}s)"));

var result = Chd.CheckFile(File.OpenRead("game.chd"), "game.chd", deepCheck: true, progress);

All parameters default to null, so existing callers are unaffected. For Chd.CheckFile(deepCheck: true), reports arrive in hunk order from the internal hashing thread; new Progress<ChdProgress>(...) marshals them back to the capturing context automatically.

Cancellation

All long-running methods take an optional trailing CancellationToken (default default) and throw OperationCanceledException on cancellation: Chd.CheckFile, Chd.CheckFileWithParent, ChdFile.Open/OpenAsync (all overloads), ReadHunk/ReadHunkAsync, Read/ReadAsync, ReadAllBytes, and ExtractToDirectory/ExtractToDirectoryWithReporting. For deep verification the token is linked into the pipeline's internal CancellationTokenSource, so cancel stops the workers immediately and the method throws OCE instead of reporting a bogus partial-hash mismatch. Async twins also pass the token to Task.Run (a pre-cancelled token yields a cancelled task). Cancellation is never swallowed into an error result.

using var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
var result = Chd.CheckFile(File.OpenRead("game.chd"), "game.chd", deepCheck: true, cancellationToken: cts.Token);

ChdFile — Random-access reader

All Open overloads seek from the start. The reader is not thread-safe — serialize all calls.

Static factory methods

Overload	Description
Open(string path, out ChdFile? chd, CancellationToken = default)	Standalone CHD from disk.
Open(string path, string parentPath, out ChdFile? chd, CancellationToken = default)	Child CHD; parent opened and owned internally.
Open(string path, ChdFile? parent, out ChdFile? chd, CancellationToken = default)	Child with external parent. Pass null for standalone.
Open(Stream s, bool leaveOpen, out ChdFile? chd, CancellationToken = default)	From seekable stream.
Open(Stream s, bool leaveOpen, ChdFile? parent, out ChdFile? chd, CancellationToken = default)	From stream with external parent.
OpenAsync(...)	Async overloads for all Open variants, each with an optional trailing CancellationToken.

Instance methods

Method	Signature	Description
ReadHunk	ChdError ReadHunk(uint, byte[], CancellationToken = default)	Decompress a single hunk. Serves cached hunks when CacheSize > 1.
Read	ChdError Read(ulong, byte[], int, int, CancellationToken = default)	Read byte range. Caches last hunk.
ReadSector	ChdError ReadSector(uint lba, byte[], CancellationToken = default)	Read the 2352-byte sector data at an LBA (CD/GD-ROM only; pregap-aware mapping).
ReadSectorMsf	ChdError ReadSectorMsf(byte m, byte s, byte f, byte[], CancellationToken = default)	Read the 2352-byte sector at a BCD MSF address (e.g. (0x00, 0x02, 0x00) = LBA 0).
ReadFrame	ChdError ReadFrame(uint lba, byte[], CancellationToken = default)	Read the full 2448-byte frame (data + subcode) at an LBA.
ReadAllBytes	ChdError ReadAllBytes(out byte[], IProgress<ChdProgress>? = null, CancellationToken = default)	Decompress entire image to a byte[]. Reports progress per hunk.
ConfigureCache	void ConfigureCache(int)	Set the multi-hunk LRU cache size. <= 1 disables it (single-slot behaviour).
Precache	ChdError Precache()	Load the entire compressed file into memory for fast random access (libchdr chd_precache parity). Idempotent.
GetMetadata	ChdError GetMetadata(string?, uint, out ChdMetadataEntry?)	Search metadata by tag + occurrence index (null/empty tag = wildcard). Returns Chderrmetadatanotfound when absent.
EnumerateHunks	IEnumerable<byte[]> EnumerateHunks(IProgress<ChdProgress>? = null)	Yield each decompressed hunk. Buffer reused — copy if needed. Reports progress per hunk.
ReadHunkAsync	Task<ChdError> ReadHunkAsync(uint, byte[], CancellationToken = default)	Async hunk read; cancellable.
ReadAsync	Task<ChdError> ReadAsync(ulong, byte[], int, int, CancellationToken = default)	Async byte range read; cancellable.
GenerateCueSheet	string GenerateCueSheet(string)	Generate CUE sheet for CD CHDs.
GenerateGdiDescriptor	string GenerateGdiDescriptor(string[])	Generate GDI descriptor for GD-ROM CHDs.
ExportToc	string ExportToc()	Export TOC as human-readable text.
ExtractToDirectory	List<string> ExtractToDirectory(string, string, IProgress<ChdProgress>? = null, CancellationToken = default)	Extract CHD tracks to directory. Returns file paths. Reports progress per hunk; cancellable.
OpenAsStream	ChdImageStream OpenAsStream(bool leaveOpen = false)	Returns a read-only, seekable Stream wrapping the decompressed CHD. Supports Read, ReadAsync, Seek, Position, Length.
ConfigureReadAhead	void ConfigureReadAhead(int lookAhead)	Enable background pre-decompression of the next N hunks. Uses ThreadLocal<ChdCodecState> for thread-safe codec access.
FlushReadAhead	void FlushReadAhead()	Clear stale read-ahead cache entries after seeks.
Dispose / DisposeAsync	void Dispose() / ValueTask DisposeAsync()	Release stream and parent.

Properties

Property	Type	Description
Version	uint	CHD format version (1–5).
TotalBytes	ulong	Decompressed image size.
HunkBytes	uint	Size of one hunk.
CacheSize	int	Number of decompressed hunks retained by the multi-hunk LRU cache (default 1). Set via ConfigureCache(int). Memory capped at CacheSize * HunkBytes.
MaxCompressedBlockBytes	uint	Max allowed on-disk length of one compressed hunk. Defaults to HunkBytes * 2; a hunk claiming more is rejected with Chderrinvaliddata before allocation (OOM guard). Settable; floors at HunkBytes, set to 0 to reset.
HunkCount	uint	Total number of hunks.
UnitBytes	uint	Unit size for parent block address translation. V5 reads from header; V1-V4 derives from metadata (HDD BPS, CD 2448, or HunkBytes).
Sha1	byte[]?	Combined SHA1 (image + metadata).
RawSha1	byte[]?	Raw image data SHA1.
Md5	byte[]?	Raw image MD5.
RequiresParent	bool	True if differential child.
IsChild	bool	Alias for RequiresParent.
Tracks	IReadOnlyList<ChdTrackInfo>?	CD/GD-ROM track layout. null if not a CD/GD-ROM image.
IsCd	bool	True if CD-ROM track metadata present.
IsGdRom	bool	True if GD-ROM (Sega Dreamcast) image.
IsLittleEndianAudio	bool	True for legacy GD-ROMs (CHGT tag / CD_FLAG_GDROMLE) whose CDDA audio tracks are stored little-endian. AUDIO tracks are byte-swapped during extraction.
IsDvd	bool	True if DVD metadata present.
IsHdd	bool	True if hard disk geometry metadata present.
IdentData	byte[]?	ATA IDENTIFY DEVICE data (512 bytes) from IDNT metadata. null if not present.
KeyData	byte[]?	Encryption key data from KEY metadata. null if not present.
PcmciaCisData	byte[]?	PCMCIA Card Information Structure from CIS metadata. null if not present.
Metadata	IReadOnlyList<ChdMetadataEntry>	CHD metadata entries (game name, disc type, etc.). Lazy-loaded. V1/V2 files include a synthesized GDDD entry.

ChdMetadataEntry — Metadata record

Property	Type	Description
Tag	string	4-char tag (e.g. "GAME", "DISC", "HARD").
Data	byte[]	Raw metadata bytes.
Flags	byte	Entry flags from the header (bit 0 = checksummed).
IsText	bool	True if data is printable ASCII.
GetText()	string	ASCII text representation.
ToString()	string	Human-readable: GAME: gauntlet.

ChdTrackInfo — Track record

Property	Type	Description
TrackNumber	int	1-based track number.
TrackType	ChdTrackType	CD track data type (Mode1, Audio, etc.).
SubType	ChdSubType	Subcode type for this track.
DataSize	int	Bytes per sector (2048, 2352, etc.).
SubSize	int	Subcode bytes per sector (0 or 96).
Frames	int	Number of frames in this track.
ExtraFrames	int	Padding frames for 4-frame alignment.
PreGap	int	Pregap frames (index 00 to index 01).
PostGap	int	Postgap frames.
PreGapType	ChdTrackType	Track type of pregap sectors.
PreGapSubType	ChdSubType	Subcode type of pregap sectors.
PreGapDataSize	int	Bytes per sector for pregap data.
PreGapSubSize	int	Subcode bytes per sector for pregap.
PadFrames	int	GD-ROM pad frames (GD-ROM only).
StartFrame	ulong	CHD frame offset where this track starts.
GetTypeString()	string	e.g. "MODE1/2048", "AUDIO".
GetSubTypeString()	string	e.g. "RW", "RW_RAW", "NONE".

CdRomAddress — MSF ↔ LBA conversion (static)

CHDSharp.Utils namespace. MSF values are BCD-encoded (as found in CD sector headers): 0x02 = 2 minutes, 0x10 = 10 minutes. LBA 0 = MSF 00:02:00; LbaToMsfAlt/MsfToLbaAlt omit the 150-frame lead-in (Sega CD / PC Engine addressing).

Member	Signature	Description
MsfToLba	int MsfToLba(byte m, byte s, byte f)	BCD MSF → LBA ((m*60 + s)*75 + f - 150). Negative for addresses before 00:02:00.
MsfToLbaAlt	int MsfToLbaAlt(byte m, byte s, byte f)	BCD MSF → absolute frame count (no lead-in offset).
LbaToMsf	(byte m, byte s, byte f) LbaToMsf(int lba)	LBA → BCD MSF (adds the 150-frame lead-in).
LbaToMsfAlt	(byte m, byte s, byte f) LbaToMsfAlt(int lba)	Frame count → BCD MSF (no lead-in offset).
FramesPerSecond / SecondsPerMinute / PregapFrames	const int	75 / 60 / 150.

Invalid BCD nibbles and positions past the 99-minute BCD limit throw ArgumentOutOfRangeException.

ChdError.GetMessage() — Extension method

ChdError err = ChdFile.Open("bad.chd", out _);
Console.WriteLine(err.GetMessage());
// "File not found"

ChdEncoder — Static encoder class

CHDSharp.Encoder namespace. All methods produce CHD v5 files with byte-identical output to MAME chdman.

Method	Signature	Description
EncodeRaw	void EncodeRaw(string input, string output, string? codecTags = null, int? hunkBytes = null, int? unitBytes = null, ChdEncodeOptions? options = null)	Create CHD from a raw binary file. Default codec: zlib. Auto hunk/unit sizes if omitted.
EncodeCd	void EncodeCd(string input, string output, string? codecTags = null, ChdEncodeOptions? options = null)	Create CD CHD from CUE, GDI, ISO, TOC, or NRG. Handles audio byte-swap, 4-frame padding, CHT2 metadata.
CreateBlank	void CreateBlank(string output, ulong totalBytes, string? codecTags = null, ChdEncodeOptions? options = null)	Create a zero-filled HD CHD with auto-derived CHS geometry.
CreateBlankWithChs	void CreateBlankWithChs(string output, uint cylinders, uint heads, uint sectors, uint sectorSize = 512, string? codecTags = null, ChdEncodeOptions? options = null)	Create a zero-filled HD CHD with explicit CHS geometry.
Copy	void Copy(string input, string output, string? codecTags = null, ChdEncodeOptions? options = null)	Re-compress an existing CHD. Clones all metadata. Upgrades legacy CD/GD tags unless NoMetadataUpgrade is set.

ChdEncodeOptions — Encoder options

Property	Type	Default	Description
TaskCount	int	8	Parallel compression workers (1–64).
ParentPath	string?	null	Parent CHD path for delta encoding.
NoMetadataUpgrade	bool	false	Preserve legacy CHCD/CHTR/CHGT tags during copy.
HunkCompleted	Action<HunkProgress>?	null	Per-hunk progress callback with codec name, sizes, and ratio.

ChdCodecs — Codec tag helper

Method	Description
ParseCodecTags(string)	Parse comma-separated codec names (e.g. "zlib,zstd,lzma") into tag array.
CodecTags.None	Uncompressed.
CodecTags.Zlib / .Zstd / .Lzma / .Huff / .Flac	Individual codec tags.

---

Supported Formats

CHD Versions

Version	Header	Map Type	Status
V1	76 bytes	Self-hunk dedup via offset	✅
V2	80 bytes	Self-hunk dedup via offset	✅
V3	120 bytes	CRC32 map, self-hunk	✅
V4	108 bytes	CRC32 map, parent chain	✅
V5	124 bytes	CRC16 map, compressed/uncompressed map, RLE, parent/unit chain	✅

Compression Codecs

Codec	FourCC	CD Variant	Implementation
Zlib (Deflate)	zlib	cdzl	System.IO.Compression (managed)
LZMA	lzma	cdlz	Custom pure C# LZMA decoder
Huffman	huff	—	Custom pure C# Huffman decoder
FLAC	flac	cdfl	Custom pure C# FLAC decoder (16-bit stereo/mono)
Zstd	zstd	cdzs	VendoredZSTD (in-repo pure C# port of zstd 1.5.5)
AVHuff	avhu	—	Custom pure C# AV Huffman decoder

---

Common Usage Patterns

Pattern 1: Fast batch verification

var files = Directory.GetFiles(@"D:\CHD", "*.chd");
foreach (var path in files)
{
    using var s = File.OpenRead(path);
    var result = Chd.CheckFile(s, Path.GetFileName(path), deepCheck: true);
    Console.WriteLine($"{Path.GetFileName(path)}: {result.Error.GetMessage()}");
}

Pattern 2: Universal verification (standalone or child)

static ChdError UniversalVerify(string path, string? parentPath = null)
{
    if (parentPath != null)
    {
        var r = Chd.CheckFileWithParent(path, parentPath);
        return r.Error;
    }

    using var s = File.OpenRead(path);
    var result = Chd.CheckFile(s, Path.GetFileName(path), deepCheck: true);
    if (result.Error == ChdError.Chderrrequiresparent)
        Console.WriteLine("  -> requires parent CHD");
    return result.Error;
}

Pattern 3: Working with child (differential) CHDs

// Option A: Let the library manage parent lifetime
ChdFile.Open("child.chd", "parent.chd", out var child);
child?.Dispose();

// Option B: Share parent across multiple children
ChdFile.Open("parent.chd", out var parent);
using (parent)
{
    foreach (var childPath in new[] { "child1.chd", "child2.chd" })
    {
        ChdFile.Open(childPath, parent, out var c);
        using (c) { /* read hunks */ }
    }
}

Pattern 4: Computing SHA1 while streaming

using var sha1 = System.Security.Cryptography.SHA1.Create();
ChdFile.Open("game.chd", out var chd);
using (chd)
{
    var buf = new byte[chd.HunkBytes];
    var remaining = chd.TotalBytes;
    ulong offset = 0;
    while (remaining > 0)
    {
        var chunk = (int)Math.Min((ulong)buf.Length, remaining);
        chd.Read(offset, buf, 0, chunk);
        sha1.TransformBlock(buf, 0, chunk, null, 0);
        offset += (ulong)chunk;
        remaining -= (ulong)chunk;
    }
    sha1.TransformFinalBlock([], 0, 0);
    Console.WriteLine($"SHA1: {Convert.ToHexString(sha1.Hash!).ToLower()}");
}

---

Performance

Scenario	Throughput	Notes
CheckFile(deepCheck: true)	~200–400 MB/s	8 parallel threads, bounded memory
CheckFile(deepCheck: false)	> 1 GB/s	Header-only
ChdFile.Read() sequential	~150–300 MB/s	Single-threaded, hunk-cached
ChdFile.ReadHunk() random	~50–150 MB/s	Per-hunk re-decompression

Tuning parallelism

Chd.TaskCount = 16; // set before calling CheckFile
var result = Chd.CheckFile(s, name, deepCheck: true);

---

Architecture

┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    Public API                       │
│  Chd.CheckFile()  ChdFile.Open()  ChdFile.Read()   │
│  ChdEncoder.EncodeRaw/Copy/CreateBlank/EncodeCd    │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  CHDHeaders    →  Parse V1–V5 headers + maps       │
│  CHDBlockRead  →  Dispatch hunk → codec delegate   │
│  CHDReaders    →  Decompression delegates (10)     │
│  CHDCodec      →  Per-codec reusable state         │
│  CHDMetaData   →  Metadata traversal + SHA1 check   │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  Encoder/                                           │
│  ChdEncoder · HunkProcessor · MapCompressor ·       │
│  ParentMap · ChdCodec · MetadataWriter ·            │
│  CdImageParser · CueParser · GdiParser · NrgParser  │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  Utils/                                             │
│  CRC · CRC16 · BitStream · HuffmanDecoder ·        │
│  HuffmanDecoderRLE · BigEndian · ArrayPool · cdRom  │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  LZMA/                                              │
│  LzmaStream · LzmaDecoder · RangeCoder ·           │
│  LzBinTree · LzInWindow · LzOutWindow               │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  Flac/                                              │
│  AudioDecoder · FlacFrame · FlacSubframe ·         │
│  BitReader · LPC · RiceContext · WindowFunction     │
├────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  VendoredZSTD  (in-repo pure C# zstd 1.5.5 port)    │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

---

Building

dotnet build CHDSharpLib/CHDSharpLib.csproj -c Release
dotnet pack CHDSharpLib/CHDSharpLib.csproj -c Release

Dependencies

Package	Version	Purpose
Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions	10.0.11 (all TFMs: net8.0 / net9.0 / net10.0)	Pluggable logging (optional)

All codec implementations are vendored in-repo as project references (no external runtime NuGet dependencies):

Project	Purpose
VendoredZLib	Pure C# zlib (deflate/inflate)
VendoredLZMA	Pure C# LZMA SDK port
VendoredFlac	Pure C# FLAC encoder/decoder
VendoredZSTD	Pure C# zstd 1.5.5 encoder/decoder (C-to-C# port of MAME's bundled tree)

---

Limits

• Not thread-safe per instance — ChdFile instances must be used from a single thread. Use ReadHunkConcurrent or separate instances for parallel work.
• No lossy video — Lossy AVHuff video variants are not supported
• Stream must be seekable — for ChdFile.Open stream overloads
• V6+ not supported — MAME has not released a V6 format

---

License

This is a combined work: the project code is MIT; VendoredFlac is LGPL-2.1; VendoredZLib is zlib-licensed; VendoredLZMA is public domain; VendoredZSTD is MIT (based on Facebook zstd, BSD-3-Clause). See LICENSE.txt for the full third-party notice and obligations.

---

Acknowledgments

• Gordon Jefferyes — original C# CHDSharp implementation
• MAME — CHD format specification and chdman reference
• libchdr — C reference library by Romain Tisseraud
• ZstdSharp — original pure C# Zstd port by Oleg Stepanischev, vendored in-repo as VendoredZSTD (ZstdSharp 0.7.6 = libzstd 1.5.5 source)