wan24-Crypto 1.15.0

wan24-Crypto

This library exports a generic high level crypto API, which allows to use an implemented cryptographic algorithm to be applied using a simple interface.

Per default these cryptographic algorithms are implemented:

These elliptic curves are supported at present:

• secp256r1
• secp384r1
• secp521r1

The number of algorithms can be extended easy, a bunch of additional libraries implementing more algorithms (and probably more elliptic curves) will follow soon.

The goals of this library are:

• Make a choice being a less torture
• Make a complex thing as easy as possible

Implementing (new) cryptographic algorithms into (existing) code can be challenging. wan24-Crypto tries to make it as easy as possible, while the API is still complex due to the huge number of options it offers. Please see the Wiki for examples of the most common use cases, which cover:

• Simple encryption using a password
• Advanced encryption using a private PFS key
• Advanced encryption using a private PFS key and hybrid key exchange
• Advanced encryption using a peers public key
• Advanced encryption using a peers public key and hybrid key exchange

For more examples please open an issue - I'd be glad to help! If you've found a security issue, please report it private.

NOTE: The cipher output of this library may include a header, which can't (yet) be interpreted by any third party vendor code (which is true especially if the raw data was compressed before encryption, which is the default). That means, a cipher output of this library can't be decrypted with a third party crypto library, even this library implements standard cryptographic algorithms.

Using this library for a cipher which has to be exchanged with a third party application, which relies on working with standard crypto algorithm output, is not recommended - it may not work!

Anyway, this library should be a good choice for isolated use within your application(s), if want to avoid a hussle with implementing newer crypto algorithms.

How to get it

This library is available as NuGet package.

These extension NuGet packages are available:

• wan24-Crypto-BC (adopts post quantum algorithms from Bouncy Castle)

Usage

Hashing

byte[] hash = rawData.Hash();

The default hash algorithm ist SHA512.

MAC

byte[] mac = rawData.Mac(password);

The default MAC algorithm is HMAC-SHA512.

KDF (key stretching)

(byte[] stretchedPassword, byte[] salt) = password.Stretch(len: 64);

The default KDF algorithm is PBKDF#2, using 20,000 iterations.

Encryption

byte[] cipher = raw.Encrypt(password);
byte[] raw = cipher.Decrypt(password);

There are extension methods for memory and streams.

The default algorithms used:

Using asymmetric keys for encryption

This way you encrypt using a stored private key (which will be required for decryption later):

using IAsymmetricPrivateKey privateKey = AsymmetricHelper.CreateKeyExchangeKeyPair();
byte[] cipher = raw.Encrypt(privateKey);
byte[] raw = cipher.Decrypt(privateKey);

In case you want to encrypt for a peer using the peers asymmetric public key for performing a PFS key exchange:

// Peer creates a key pair (PFS or stored) and sends peerPublicKeyData to the provider
using IAsymmetricPrivateKey peerPrivateKey = AsymmetricHelper.CreateKeyExchangeKeyPair();
byte[] peerPublicKeyData = (byte[])peerPrivateKey.PublicKey;// Needs to be available at the provider

// Encryption at the provider (pfsKey shouldn't be stored and can be a new key for every cipher message)
using IAsymmetricPublicKey peerPublicKey = AsymmetricKeyBase.Import<IAsymmetricPublicKey>(peerPublicKeyData);// Deserialize the peers public key of any format
CryptoOptions options = EncryptionHelper.GetDefaultOptions();// Add the asymmetric key information for key pair creation
options.AsymmetricAlgorithm = peerPublicKey.Algorithm.Name;
options.AsymmetricKeyBits = peerPublicKey.Bits;
options.PublicKey = peerPublicKey;// Required for encrypting especially for the one specific peer
byte[] cipher;
using(IKeyExchangePrivateKey pfsKey = AsymmetricHelper.CreateKeyExchangeKeyPair(options))
    cipher = raw.Encrypt(pfsKey, options);// Only the peer can decrypt the cipher after pfsKey was disposed

// Decryption at the peer
byte[] raw = cipher.Decrypt(peerPrivateKey, options);

Time critical decryption

It's possible to define a maximum age for cipher data, which can't be decrypted after expired:

// Encryption
CryptoOptions options = new()
{
    TimeIncluded = true
};
byte[] cipher = raw.Encrypt(password, options);

// Decryption (required to be decrypted within 10 seconds, or the decryption will fail)
options = new()
{
    RequireTime = true,
    MaximumAge = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)
}
byte[] raw = cipher.Decrypt(password, options);

By defining CryptoOptions.MaximumTimeOffset you may define a time tolerance which is being used to be tolerant with peers having a slightly different system time.

Asymmetric keys

Key exchange

PFS example:

// A: Create a key pair
using IKeyExchangePrivateKey privateKeyA = AsymmetricHelper.CreateKeyExchangeKeyPair();
byte[] publicKeyData = (byte[])privateKeyA.PublicKey;// Needs to be available at B

// B: Create a key pair, key exchange data and derive the shared key
using IAsymmetricPublicKey publicKeyA = AsymmetricKeyBase.Import<IAsymmetricPublicKey>(publicKeyData);// Deserialize the peers public key of any format
using IKeyExchangePrivateKey privateKeyB = AsymmetricHelper.CreateKeyExchangeKeyPair(new()
{
    AsymmetricAlgorithm = publicKeyA.Algorithm.Name,
    AsymmetricKeyBits = publicKeyA.Bits
});
(byte[] keyB, byte[] keyExchangeData) = privateKeyB.GetKeyExchangeData(publicKey);// Needs to be available at A

// A: Derive the exchanged key
byte[] keyA = privateKeyA.DeriveKey(keyExchangeData);

Assert.IsTrue(keyA.SequenceEquals(keyB));

The default key exchange algorithm is ECDH from a secp521r1 elliptic curve.

Digital signature

// Create a key pair for signature
using ISignaturePrivateKey privateKey = AsymmetricHelper.CreateSignatureKeyPair();

// Sign data
SignatureContainer signature = privateKey.SignData(anyData);

// Validate a signature
privateKey.PublicKey.ValidateSignature(signature, anyData);

The default signature algorithm is DSA from a secp521r1 elliptic curve.

Too many options?

The CryptoOptions contains a huge collection of properties, which follow a simple pattern in case of en-/decryption: Which information should be included in the cipher header, and is an information in the header required? Because the options include information for all sections, there are single values which belongs to the specific section only. If you separate the options into sections, it's easy to overview:

Other options, which are not listed here, are used internal only.

If you use a new instance of CryptoOptions, all defaults will be applied. You can override these defaults in the static *Helper.Default* properties, or by setting other values in the CryptoOptions instance, which you use when calling any method.

For encryption these sections matter:

• Encryption
• MAC
• PFS
• KDF
• Payload
• Serializer version
• Header version
• Encryption time
• Compression
• Stream options

In case you want to use the *Counter* options, you'll need to set the CounterPrivateKey value.

For MAC these sections matter:

• MAC
• Stream options

For hashing these sections matter:

• Hashing
• Stream options

For asymmetric key creation the "Key creation" section matters.

For signature these sections matter:

• Signature
• Hashing
• Stream options

Crypto suite

You can use a CryptoOptions instance as crypto suite. The type can be binary serialized (using the Stream-Serializer-Extensions) for storing/restoring to/from anywhere.

NOTE: Only crypto suite relevant information will be serialized! This excludes:

• SerializerVersion
• HeaderVersion
• PrivateKey (needs to be stored in another place)
• CounterPrivateKey (needs to be stored in another place)
• PublicKey
• CounterPublicKey
• KeyExchangeData
• PayloadData
• Time
• LeaveOpen
• MacPosition
• Mac
• HeaderProcessed
• Password

PKI

Using the AsymmetricSignedPublicKey type, you can implement a simple PKI, which allows to

• define trusted root keys
• define a key revocation list
• sign public keys
• validate signed public keys until the root signer key

// Create the root key pair
using ISignaturePrivateKey privateRootKey = AsymmetricHelper.CreateSignatureKeyPair();

// Self-sign the public root key
using AsymmetricSignedPublicKey signedPublicRootKey = new(privateRootKey.PublicKey);
signedPublicRootKey.Sign(privateRootKey);

// Create a key pair, which will be signed, and a signing request
using ISignaturePrivateKey privateKey = AsymmetricHelper.CreateSignatureKeyPair();
using AsymmetricPublicKeySigningRequest signingRequest = new(privateKey.PublicKey);

// Sign the public key
using AsymmetricSignedPublicKey signedPublicKey = signingRequest.GetAsUnsignedKey();
signedPublicKey.Sign(privateRootKey);

// Setup the PKI (minimal setup for signed public key validation)
AsymmetricSignedPublicKey.RootTrust = 
    // Normally you would have a DBMS which stores the trusted public key IDs
    (id) => id.SequenceEqual(privateRootKey.ID);
AsymmetricSignedPublicKey.SignedPublicKeyStore = (id) => 
{
    // Normally you would have a DBMS which stores the known keys
    if(id.SequenceEqual(privateRootKey.ID)) return signedPublicRootKey;
    if(id.SequenceEqual(privateKey.ID)) return signedPublicKey;
    return null;
};
// Normally you would have a DBMS which stores a revocation list for AsymmetricSignedPublicKey.SignedPublicKeyRevocation

// Validate the signed public key
signedPublicKey.Validate();

As you can see, it's a really simple PKI implementation. It's good for internal use, and if there won't be too many keys to manage.

Algorithm IDs

Internal each algorithm has an unique ID within a category:

• Asymmetric cryptography
• Symmetric cryptography
• Hashing
• MAC
• KDF

If you'd like to implement inofficial algorithms on your own, please use the ID bits 24-32 only to avoid possible collisions with official libraries! These are the official implementation IDs (not guaranteed to be complete):

Counter algorithms

A counter algorithm is being applied after the main algorithm. So the main algorithm result is secured by the counter algorithm result. You can use this in case you want to double security, for example when using post quantum algorithms, which may not be trustable at present.

The HybridAlgorithmHelper allows to set default hybrid algorithms for

• key exchange in KeyExchangeAlgorithm
• signature in SignatureAlgorithm
• KDF in KdfAlgorithm
• MAC in MacAlgorithm

and exports some helper methods, which are being used internal (you don't need to use them unless you have to). If you want the additional hybrid algorithms to be used every time, you can set the

• EncryptionHelper.UseHybridOptions
• AsymmetricHelper.UseHybridKeyExchangeOptions
• AsymmetricHelper.UseHybridSignatureOptions

to true to extend used CryptoOptions instances by the algorithms defined in the HybridAlgorithmHelper properties.

Post quantum safety

Some of the used cryptographic algorithms are quantum safe already, but especially the asymmetric algorithms are not post quantum safe at all. If you use an extension library which offers asymmetric post quantum safe algorithms for key exchange and signature, you can enforce post quantum safety for all used default algorithms by calling CryptoHelper.ForcePostQuantumSafety. This method will ensure that all used default algorithms are post quantum safe. In case it's not possible to use post quantum algorithms for all defaults, this method will throw an exception.

NOTE: AES-256 and SHA-384+ (and HMAC-SHA-384+) are considered to be post quantum safe algorithms, while currently no post quantum-safe asymmetric algorithms are implemented in this main library (wan24-Crypto-BC does).

Disclaimer

wan24-Crypto and provided sub-libraries are provided "as is", without any warranty of any kind. Please read the license for the full disclaimer.

This library uses the available .NET cryptographic algorithms and doesn't implement any "selfmade" cryptographic algorithms. Extension libraries may add other well known third party cryptographic algorithm libraries, like Bouncy Castle.